This question came up in a Slashdot article this morning: what is the best reference site for each programming language? A worthwhile question with several worthwhile answers. I've decided to sum up what's been presented so far in this post.
PHP: PHP Official Site
Perl: CPAN, Use Perl, Perldoc, Perlmonks, Perlbuzz
Python: Python Official Site
Javascript: W3Schools Javascript
Java: Java APIs, Java Reference, Java 6 API reference
Ruby: Ruby Official Site, Ruby Doc, Pragmatic Programmer's Guide, Why's Poignant Guide
ASP: ASP.net, 4 Guys from Rolla
C/C++: Devshed Forums, C Reference from University of Illinois>/a>. cprogramming.com, cplusplus.com, Kernighan & Ritchie, STL reference
Pascal: Object Pascal reference
Tcl: Tcl Wikibook
Coldfusion: Adobe Coldfusion
Scheme: Schemers Standard Documentation and srfi.schemers.org
Useful non-language specific sites:
www.rosettacode.org: common code solutions with multiple code for different programming environments
GotAPI.com: monster site compiling references for major languages and frameworks
W3 Schools: for anything relating to HTML, CSS, Javascript, and a few more
Useful non-language specific sites: