I've been bumping my head against this problem. All attempts to burn a VDI have failed, with the CD writing software reporting an error. I tried it with the default Gnome CD Burner, then with Brasero: nothing. Media error, maybe? Tried writing it to an ISO file, and it still failed.
Ultimate solution?
tar czvf VDIimage.tar.gz VDIimage.vdi
D'oh.